POLICY FEEDBACK
O ARGUMENTO FUNDANTE DO NEOINSTITUCIONALISMO HISTÓRICO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4322/tp.30104Resumo
Este artigo examina a ideia segundo a qual “a política pública faz a
política”, ou “policies make politics”. Procuro situá-la no debate teórico e
demonstrar como ela rejeita premissas da formulação behaviorista e
questiona o modelo clássico de Harold Lasswell e David Easton. A teorização
sobre o policy feedback se desenvolve até o ponto de respaldar uma literatura
seminal da análise de políticas, tornando-se o argumento fundante do campo
do neoinstitucionalismo histórico. Mostro que, em um primeiro momento, o
mecanismo do feedback ganha contornos mais nítidos sob o ponto de vista
dos órgãos administrativos do Estado, afetando suas capacidades,
aprendizagens e encaixes com atores não estatais. Posteriormente, Paul
Pierson amplifica o escopo, evidenciando que o papel que políticas exercem
como recursos, incentivos e fontes de informação não está restrito às elites
governamentais e aos grupos de interesse, mas pode se estender também ao
comportamento do eleitorado em geral. A discussão apresentada articula
conceitos-chave da análise de políticas, realça as nuances internas do campo
e lança luz sobre como as teorias e seus ganhos analíticos se desenvolveram
historicamente.
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