Teoria & Pesquisa: Revista de Ciência Política, São Carlos, v. 32, n. 00, e023003, 2023. e-ISSN: 2236-0107
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31068/tp.v32i00.1060 3
Lucy OLIVEIRA and Cristiano RODRIGUES
multiculturalism, and neoliberalism, while post-structuralism shaped new intellectual agendas.
Therefore, post-colonialism was heavily influenced by a post-structural and post-foundational
philosophical substrate. From this perspective, there is a focus on reintroducing anti-colonial
critique through a post-structuralist approach. Unsurprisingly, the academic centers and
departments that embraced this perspective are associated with cultural studies, literary studies,
and literary criticism. Thus, post-colonialism primarily deals with the issue of identity
representations in linguistic, cultural, artistic, and psychoanalytic terms, adopting a perspective
of subjects and groups that have been subalternized or marginalized by the colonial and imperial
processes.
This privileged approach to cultural and discursive representations has faced strong
criticisms, initially from perspectives more closely related to Marxism and other theoretical
currents. Some of these criticisms pointed out that "post-colonialism" carried ambiguities and
inaccuracies regarding the prefix "post". This is because, unlike post-structuralism, the term
"post-colonialism" could suggest the end of colonialism, which is precisely the opposite of the
objective of post-colonial studies. Furthermore, the post-colonial perspective has been accused
of presenting a certain exaggerated culturalism, as expressed by Aijaz Ahmad (2002), and of
being "ahistorical".
Another critique emerges in the early 1990s in pioneering articles in this academic
debate, which offer a critical reading of post-colonialism, bringing the Latin American context
to the forefront of the discussion. This approach adopts a counter-colonial perspective, seeking
to reinterpret, recover, and revise post-colonialism as an institutionalized academic field. From
this critical discussion, the decoloniality concept arises as an outgrowth of this Latin American
intervention in the global post-colonialism debate.
What this critique emphasizes and claims, then, is the existence of an imperial difference
(not just colonial) between the processes of colonization experienced by Latin America,
including Brazil, and those to which many diasporic migrants refer when discussing the topic
of post-colonialism in universities of "developed" countries. Postcolonial authors refer to a
process related to 19th-century imperialism in the pre-World War I context, while in Latin
America, we are dealing with the first colonial experience in Europe. The colonialism
experienced by Latin America and Brazil, in particular, was historically different and
preceded the colonial and imperial processes in other regions.
This perspective also claims the relevance of critical figures in Latin American political
thought, such as activists, writers, intellectuals, and researchers, who have already developed a